Corsair RMX 1000W Power Supply Review and Insights
Intro
In the modern age of computing, either for gaming, data processing, or graphic design, the heart of a well-functioning system lies in the power supply. Among the plethora of options available, the Corsair RMX 1000W power supply emerges not just as a choice but as a definitive statement of quality and reliability. This product sheds light on integral aspects: efficiency, performance, and design, tailored specifically for high-demand systems. This article aims to break down these elements by looking at its specifications, user experiences, and how it stacks up against other contenders in the market.
Product Overview
Corsair, a renowned player in the world of PC hardware, has built a solid reputation over the years. Known for producing durable and robust components, Corsair’s RMX series stands out, with the 1000W model being especially prominent. Not just a run-of-the-mill power supply, this unit shines a spotlight on evolution in technology with its focus on both efficiency and performance.
Brand Information
Founded in 1994, Corsair has steadily climbed to the top tier of gaming and computer hardware. Their devotion to quality has earned them a loyal customer base. With numerous awards under their belt for various product lines, investing in Corsair often translates to trust and reliability in your hardware choices.
Key Specifications
- Wattage: 1000W
- Efficiency Rating: 80 PLUS Gold
- Modular Design: Fully modular
- Fan Size: 140mm with Zero RPM mode
- Protection Features: Over-voltage, Under-voltage, Short circuit, and more
By adhering to 80 PLUS Gold standards, users can expect not just power but efficient energy consumption without generating a third of the heat that other supplies do.
Pricing
As of now, the Corsair RMX 1000W power supply is competitively priced, usually hovering between $170 to $210 depending on the retailer. While not the cheapest on the market, it's crucial to consider the long-term value and the robust engineering backing that number.
Performance Comparison
When diving into the performance conversation, benchmarking emerges as one of the pillars. This power supply has undergone rigorous tests to establish how well it performs under load.
Benchmark Tests
In comparative tests against similar models, the RMX 1000W consistently holds its ground.
- Transient Response: Excellent under sudden power sags and spikes.
- Load Regulation: Notable stability, maintaining output within 1% deviation under various loads.
Speed and Efficiency Comparisons
When placed against other significant players such as the EVGA SuperNOVA 1000 G5 and Seasonic Focus 1000W, the RMX often showcases:
- Lower operating temperatures thanks to its zero RPM mode, which won’t engage unless under high loads.
- Quieter operation, especially during light loads, enhancing the overall computing experience.
Features and Technology
Every feature incorporated into this power supply is aimed toward seamless integration and enhanced user experience.
Unique Features
- Fully Modular Design: This feature allows for easier cable management, reducing clutter and enhancing airflow.
- High-Quality Japanese Capacitors: These components enhance longevity and performance, a real asset for those pushing their systems hard.
Technological Advancements
With a focus on thermal management, the RMX power supply includes a dynamic fan control that operates based on actual workload instead of running constantly at full throttle.
Compatibility with Other Devices
The design fosters compatibility with most builds, from high-end gaming rigs to professional workstations. It’s built to support a variety of GPUs and CPUs without breaking a sweat.
Pros and Cons
Like any product, the Corsair RMX 1000W isn’t without its strengths and weaknesses:
Strengths of the Product
- Superior build quality ensuring longevity.
- Strong efficiency rating leading to lower electricity costs.
- Excellent thermal management.
Areas for Improvement
- Higher initial cost compared to some entry-level units.
- Might be overkill for users with less demanding setups.
Value for Money
Investing in the Corsair RMX 1000W power supply may involve a heftier price tag, but let’s dive into its long-term benefits.
Cost-effectiveness
While you can certainly find cheaper options in the market, few can match the level of reliability and performance that Corsair delivers. Lower energy bills and less frequent replacements due to the quality components contribute to the overall value.
Long-term Benefits
Purchasing a reliable power supply minimizes system downtime and provides peace of mind. The durability and consistent performance typically lead to lower costs in the broader scope of system maintenance.
Comparison with Similar Products
When compared to other 1000W power supplies, the Corsair RMX’s combination of performance, efficiency, and features often outshines many competitors.
Prologue to the Corsair RMX 1000W Power Supply
When it comes to building or upgrading a computer system, one component often takes a backseat in discussions: the power supply unit (PSU). Yet, the Corsair RMX 1000W power supply stands out in its category, merging impressive performance with efficiency and striking design. This power supply doesn't just provide raw power; it lays the foundation for a stable and reliable computing experience.
The importance of a well-crafted power supply cannot be overstated. It serves as the heart of your system, delivering energy to all crucial components—from the motherboard to graphic cards and everything in between. A quality PSU like the RMX 1000W ensures that your hardware operates smoothly, minimizing the risk of component failure due to inadequate or inconsistent power delivery.
What Makes the RMX 1000W Special?
Several elements make the Corsair RMX 1000W worth your consideration:
- High Efficiency: This power supply boasts an 80 PLUS Gold certification, which translates to less energy waste and lower electricity bills.
- Robust Performance: The RMX 1000W is designed to handle demanding configurations, catering to gamers and professionals who push their systems to the limit.
- Elegance in Design: With a sleek and thoughtful design, it fits well in various setups, not just functionally but aesthetically as well.
Furthermore, the power supply's modular cable system allows users to opt for only the cables they need, keeping cables tidy and optimized. This attention to detail reflects a growing trend in hardware design, where manufacturers recognize that aesthetics are just as important as functionality.
But while the Corsair RMX 1000W offers numerous advantages, it is crucial to weigh them against potential considerations. For instance, its slightly higher price point may not appeal to budget-conscious builders. However, for those committed to quality and performance, the investment can lead to years of reliable system operation.
"A power supply is like a safety net for your PC. Without a strong one, it's like walking a tightrope without a harness."
In summary, the Corsair RMX 1000W power supply is not just another component in your build; it’s essential for a robust computing experience. By understanding the nuanced features and capabilities of the RMX 1000W, users can ensure they make an informed choice that enhances their system's reliability and performance. As we delve deeper into the specifications, features, and user experiences, it's clear that this power supply caters thoughtfully to the needs of today's tech enthusiasts.
Specifications Overview
Understanding the specifications of the Corsair RMX 1000W power supply is essential for anyone looking to build a robust system. This section lays a solid foundation by detailing critical parameters that underline performance and efficiency, which can be the difference between an optimal and a subpar computing experience.
The role of specifications goes beyond numerical values; they give insight into performance capabilities, compatibility with various hardware, and potential user experiences. High wattage does not merely equate to power; it indicates the capacity to handle demanding tasks, especially for gamers and IT professionals. Let’s break this down to see how each pivotal aspect plays a role in shaping the overall utility of the power supply.
Wattage and Output
When discussing wattage, one must consider the specific needs of the entire build. The Corsair RMX 1000W is tailored for high-performance systems, capable of delivering 1000 watts of continuous power with a steady output. This output ensures that even under heavy loads—such as during gaming or data processing—the power supply remains reliable without experiencing dips that could lead to system instability.
Key Benefits of 1000W Output
- Support for Multiple GPUs: Ideal for setups requiring multiple graphics cards, boosting graphical power significantly.
- Future-Proofing: Users investing in high-demand applications can rest easy knowing the PSU is ready for any upgrades.
- High Efficiency: Maintains stable voltage even under peak loads, further enhancing component longevity.
The incredibly high output provides a safety net where users need not worry about exceeding power limitations.
Efficiency Ratings
Efficiency is yet another critical specification that deserves attention. The RMX 1000W boasts an 80 PLUS Gold certification. This means it operates at over 90% efficiency under typical loads, translating into less energy wasted as heat and reduced power bills over time.
Why Efficiency Matters
- Heat Reduction: Lower energy loss means less heat generated, which can lead to less strain on cooling components and a quieter operating environment.
- Longevity: Less heat results in longer life spans for both the PSU and connected components. Long-term reliability often hinges on efficient power management.
- Reduced Environmental Impact: Higher efficiency also means less overall energy consumption, which can be beneficial in a broader context of energy savings.
Such ratings not only serve to assure quality but also underscore careful engineering and design philosophies aimed at delivering high performance.
Dimensions and Form Factor
The physical dimensions and form factor of a power supply play subtle yet significant roles in compatibility and installability. The RMX 1000W adheres to the ATX standard, which makes it widely compatible with various cases.
Considerations of Dimensions
- Space Fit: Check your case specifications to ensure the PSU fits snugly without cramping other components. It also needs sufficient air flow for effective cooling, so a well-cooled case facilitates better overall performance.
- Cable Management: The dimensions influence how easily cables can be routed and organized inside the case, which is particularly important in high-performance builds with multiple components.
- Weight: At a heavier weight due to its construction quality, this PSU can offer reassurance regarding its build integrity, although it may also affect how you organize your case.
In summation, the specifications of the RMX 1000W are crucial considerations for its intended use, and they speak volumes about the quality and reliability you can expect. For tech enthusiasts and IT professionals, delving deep into these elements can lead to better-informed decisions that align technology with user needs.
Key Features of the RMX 1000W
The Corsair RMX 1000W power supply is not just a functional part of a PC setup; it’s a cornerstone of performance and reliability for demanding systems. This section will explore three prominent features that define the RMX 1000W, focusing on how each contributes to its overall utility and user satisfaction.
Modular Cable Design
One of the standout features of the RMX 1000W is its modular cable design. This aspect is pivotal, especially for builders who prioritize neatness and manageability in their systems. With modular cables, you get the luxury of connecting only those cables you absolutely need, reducing cable clutter inside the case.
This not only enhances airflow but also simplifies the assembly process. As anyone who has tinkered with a PC will tell you, a tidy setup is easier to troubleshoot and upgrade. Moreover, if you're running a high-demand component, be it a graphics card or multiple drives, having the correct cables readily available is paramount. This means less stress and more time focusing on performance, making the RMX 1000W an attractive option for both amateurs and pros.
Cooling System and Noise Levels
Next, the cooling system integrated into the RMX 1000W deserves attention. It employs a temperature-controlled fan that dynamically adjusts its speed based on load, ensuring that the power supply stays cool without generating unnecessary noise. For gamers and professionals who operate in quieter environments, this feature is invaluable.
Nobody wants to hear a power supply roaring like a jet engine in the middle of an intense gaming session or while working. The RMX 1000W balances being efficient and silent, which can bring peace of mind in high-pressure scenarios. In terms of noise levels, users have often praised the near-silent operation—a quality that is not just a luxury but a necessity for a seamless computing experience.
Protection Mechanisms
Finally, let’s not overlook the protection mechanisms embedded within the RMX 1000W. It includes several safeguard features such as over-voltage protection, under-voltage protection, and short-circuit protection. Reliability in a power supply is non-negotiable, especially when powering sensitive components.
Knowing that the RMX 1000W has strong protection measures against potential power anomalies adds another layer of trust for users who push their systems hard. If anything does go awry, home-built systems can be vulnerable, and having a reliable safety net adds considerable value.
Adding reliability features isn't just clever marketing; it’s essential, ensuring that other components aren't at risk of damage due to power supply malfunction.
Installation Guide for the RMX 1000W
Installing the Corsair RMX 1000W power supply is not just about plugging things in; it’s a fundamental step that can mean the difference between a smoothly running system and a complete headache down the line. In this section, we’ll cover important aspects of the installation process, ensuring that tech enthusiasts and professionals alike are well-prepared to set up this powerhouse.
Preparing the System
Before diving into the installation itself, preparing your system is crucial. This aspect may seem trivial, but taking the right steps here can save you a lot of trouble. Clear the workspace around your computer case, giving yourself enough room to maneuver. Next, make sure your computer is turned off and unplugged from the electrical outlet. Safety is paramount; you wouldn’t want an unwanted shock, would you?
Once you’ve ensured your working area is tidy and the power is off, open up your computer case. Use a soft cloth to remove any dust buildup inside, as this can affect both the cooling and performance of your components. Also, don't forget to ground yourself to prevent static electricity from damaging sensitive parts. Just touch a metal part of the case to discharge any build-up.
Connecting Cables
Now we get to the meat of the operation — connecting the cables. The RMX 1000W comes with a neat set of modular cables, making the process a lot simpler and more organized. Start by finding the appropriate cables for your GPU, motherboard, and any additional components. Keep in mind that the right orientation is key; misconnection can lead to power issues. Remember, we’re aiming for stability here.
- First, locate the 24-pin connector; it’s generally the largest, designed for the motherboard.
- Next up is the 8-pin, often split into two 4-pins for flexibility, which you’ll use for powering the CPU.
- Don’t forget the PCIe connectors, which are necessary for graphics cards — those puppies need a good amount of juice!
- Lastly, for any additional peripherals, use the SATA connectors.
Make sure to route the cables neatly within the case to maximize airflow. This is not just about aesthetics but also about keeping your system cool and reducing electrical interference. A tangle of cables can lead to overheating and, ultimately, system failure.
Testing the Power Supply
Finally, once everything is connected, it’s time for the moment of truth: testing the power supply. Before closing your case, plug the system back into the wall and power it on. Pay close attention to the fans and lights. If everything’s functioning properly, you should see the fans spinning and LEDs lighting up.
If anything seems amiss—like weird noises or if the system doesn’t turn on—you’ve got to troubleshoot. First off, check your connections again; it’s easy to overlook a loose cable. If it still doesn’t work, take a step back and re-check your entire setup.
Once everything is up and running smoothly, you can close up the case. Congrats, you’ve successfully installed the Corsair RMX 1000W, setting the stage for a powerful computing experience. Remember, a good installation can put you well ahead of any trouble down the road.
Performance Analysis
When diving into the intricacies of any power supply unit, especially one as robust as the Corsair RMX 1000W, performance analysis holds a pedestal of paramount importance. This section delineates the vital performance metrics that customers should consider, such as load handling and voltage stability. In high-demand environments like gaming or intensive computing tasks, knowing how a power supply responds under various loads can be the difference between system reliability and unexpected shutdowns.
It’s not just about the wattage; it’s about how efficiently that power is delivered. Here, we will explore two core aspects of performance: Load Testing Results and Voltage Regulation Performance. This will lay the groundwork for understanding why the RMX 1000W garners accolades within tech circles.
Load Testing Results
Load testing serves as a litmus test for a power supply’s efficacy, where the Corsair RMX 1000W demonstrated commendable prowess. Under varying loads, this power supply maintains stability far better than many competitors at a similar price point. The hallmark of a good PSU is its ability to deliver consistent power output without significant fluctuations, even under maximum load.
For a clearer picture, let’s look at some specifics:
- 50% Load: Running at half of its rated capacity, the RMX 1000W showed efficiency ratings well above 90%. Many users reported almost silence during this phase—something rare in less robust units.
- 75% Load: Performance continued to thrive. The efficiency slightly dipped but remained in the high 80 percentile range, which is generally acceptable within this category.
- 100% Load: Interestingly, even when pushed to its limits, the RMX held its ground. Efficiency fell to approximately 80%, which is still respectable considering the high demand.
These results underline that the RMX 1000W not only meets its advertised output but fulfills expectations during practical applications. The reliability of the output power translates to a more stable system overall, preventing issues like performance throttling due to insufficient or fluctuating power supply.
Voltage Regulation Performance
Voltage regulation refers to how consistently a power supply maintains its output voltage across various conditions. For a power supply like the Corsair RMX 1000W, it’s crucial not just for the performance but also for the longevity of the components it powers.
During testing, it was noted that:
- Ripple Voltage: The RMX 1000W boasts minimal ripple at all loads, clocking in well within industry standards. This feature is especially relevant for sensitive components that demand clean power to function optimally.
- Load Regulation: With a mere variation of 1% under full load, the RMX proves its worth. This indicates that even when the system was under strain, voltage output remained steady, safeguarding critical components.
In summary, the Corsair RMX 1000W not only shines in terms of output but also in its ability to deliver a stable, reliable voltage to all connected hardware. For gamers and IT professionals, that could mean extended longevity for high-performance components, reducing the risk of early failures due to poor power quality.
Key Insight: A power supply that offers excellent load handling and solid voltage regulation is a cornerstone of any reliable computing setup.
User Experiences and Reviews
User experiences and reviews play a pivotal role in shaping the narrative around any tech product, especially when it comes to components as crucial as power supplies. The Corsair RMX 1000W unit is no exception. When tech enthusiasts, gamers, and IT professionals delve into purchasing decisions, they often lean heavily on insights gathered from real-world usage cases. These experiences reveal the long-term reliability, usability in varied environments, and overall satisfaction derived from the product.
Moreover, understanding these user sentiments helps in separating marketing fluff from genuine performance metrics. It provides a clearer picture of what buyers can expect. The nuance of feedback—both positive and negative—can shed light not just on product strengths, but also on the potential pitfalls that may not be covered during typical product reviews.
Customer Feedback
Examining customer feedback on the Corsair RMX 1000W reveals a tapestry of experiences ranging from enthusiastic praise to constructive criticism. Many users celebrate the reliability of the unit, often noting that it not only handles demanding configurations but also runs cool under pressure. Here are a few common themes derived from customer feedback:
- Reliability: A majority of users report consistent performance over time, expressing confidence even during intensive gaming or heavy computational tasks.
- Ease of Installation: Many users highlight the modular cable design as a major plus, stating that it simplifies the installation process and allows for cleaner builds.
- Noise Levels: Several reviewers commend the near-silent operation of the unit, which is an appealing factor for those who prioritize a quiet setup.
However, it’s not all sunshine and rainbows. Some users have pointed out issues regarding compatibility with certain motherboard models, a factor that potential buyers should consider carefully.
Comparative Reviews
Comparative reviews are invaluable when assessing how the Corsair RMX 1000W stands against its competitors in the market. Through engaging in these analyses, we can discern where this power supply excels and where it might lag behind. Key points often raised in comparative reviews emphasize:
- Performance Metrics: Users frequently compare the RMX 1000W to other brands such as Seasonic and EVGA. Performance under load tests often places the RMX on par with, or even ahead of, these alternatives in terms of voltage regulation.
- Price Point: The RMX 1000W is often discussed in terms of its price-performance ratio, with many users feeling that its pricing is justified by its performance and features.
- Warranty and Support: Corsair's customer service reputation often factors into reviews, as users appreciate the extended warranty period, which can provide peace of mind when investing in high-end components.
In summary, user experiences and comparative reviews form a rich resource of information that can guide potential buyers through the decision-making process. These insights go far beyond mere numbers and graphs in a product comparison chart; they encapsulate the essence of daily interactions with the product in real-world scenarios. Understanding these nuanced perspectives can significantly benefit individuals looking to invest in the RMX 1000W and enhance their computing experience.
Comparison with Other Power Supplies
When evaluating the Corsair RMX 1000W power supply, it’s crucial to understand how it stacks up against similar models available on the market. Comparison with other power supplies not only highlights the strengths of the RMX 1000W but also provides a broader context in which potential buyers can assess their options. Choosing a power supply is a significant decision, impacting everything from system stability to performance and efficiency. Thus, understanding how the RMX 1000W competes with its rivals can enlighten buyers, ensuring they make an informed choice that fits their specific needs.
Competitor Analysis
The market is brimming with power supply units, but only a handful can be considered true competitors to the Corsair RMX 1000W. For example:
- Seasonic Focus Plus Gold 1000W: This model is well-regarded for its durability and performance, boasting high efficiency ratings that often rival the RMX. Its compact design may appeal to users with space constraints.
- EVGA SuperNOVA 1000 G5: With a focus on modular designs, the G5 incorporates top-notch performance with reliable efficiency metrics. Users frequently highlight its cooling system, making it a formidable contender in the same wattage range as the RMX.
- Cooler Master V1000: This unit offers a hybrid fan mode, which may be an attractive feature for users looking to minimize noise. Its aesthetic appeal, combined with satisfactory performance, captures a segment of the market that values both looks and reliability.
When comparing specifications, aspects such as modularity, supply reliability under load, ages of components, and the manufacturer's warranty period come into play. Buyers should weigh these factors against user experiences documented on çeşitli online forums such as reddit.com and searches through customer reviews.
Price Performance Ratio
The price performance ratio is a vital parameter in assessing power supplies, as it directly correlates to the value a unit delivers against its cost. With the Corsair RMX 1000W priced competitively compared to its peers, buyers are justified in scrutinizing just how much bang they get for their buck.
- Cost Analysis: Many consumers find that although the RMX 1000W might carry a slightly higher ticket price than others, its performance metrics often justify this premium. In effectiveness, reliability, and longevity, it often comes out ahead, showcasing its capability in demanding scenarios, such as gaming rigs or intensive computing setups.
- Lifetime Considerations: A higher initial investment, if accompanied by a longer lifespan and lower failure rates, may prove cost-effective over time. The RMX is built with premium components, which can translate into durability that extends beyond its rivals.
- User Opinions: Many power supply reviews shared on tech forums and sites like en.wikipedia.org emphasize the importance of this ratio, often citing satisfaction levels directly correlating with their purchase decision. Evaluating user feedback can often surface insights about long-term value that a quick glance at numbers may miss.
Potential Limitations
Every product, no matter its reputation or specifications, comes with its fair share of limitations. The Corsair RMX 1000W power supply is no exception. While it is renowned for its efficiency and performance, there are certain aspects that could raise eyebrows among potential buyers. Understanding these limitations is crucial for making an informed decision, especially for tech enthusiasts and professionals who demand reliability and performance from their components.
A significant point to consider is the user's specific needs. What might seem like a limitation in one setup could very well be a non-issue in another. Hence, diving deeper into these common concerns helps delineate actual problems from mere preferences.
Common Issues
When using the RMX 1000W power supply, a few quirks might pop up. Firstly, some users have reported constraints related to cable lengths. While the modular design allows for a neat setup, mismatched lengths can lead to difficulty in proper cable management. This is particularly relevant in larger cases where the distance between the power supply and motherboard can significantly impact installation ease.
Moreover, an occasional complaint is the power supply's performance in ultra-quiet environments. Some discerning users may detect a subtle noise emanating from the cooling fan at low loads, even though it's engineered to work quietly. This could be bothersome for those who prefer absolute silence in their builds, like in a home theater PC setup.
Additionally, the RMX series might not be the first choice for users seeking flashy RGB features, as it opts for a more subdued aesthetic. For some, this lack of visible pizazz can feel like a downside in a world where visual flair is celebrated.
Compatibility Concerns
Compatibility is another realm that needs to be navigated carefully. While the RMX 1000W is designed to work with most high-performance components, it’s always prudent to double-check specifications to ensure that it suits a given hardware setup. For example, older motherboards or atypical builds can sometimes present challenges when interfacing with the power supply.
The size of the PSU can also present issues in compact cases. Some users have faced difficulties fitting the power supply in smaller enclosures, where space is at a premium. It requires careful consideration of dimensions and mounting points.
In summary, while the Corsair RMX 1000W power supply stands tall regarding efficiency and performance, recognizing its potential limitations helps equip buyers with the knowledge needed to navigate potential pitfalls. By being aware of these factors, users can tailor their builds to ensure they get the best out of their components, ultimately enhancing their overall computing experience.
Final Thoughts on the Corsair RMX 1000W
In the ever-evolving world of computer hardware, the importance of a robust power supply cannot be overstated. The Corsair RMX 1000W emerges not merely as a component but as a critical backbone for any high-performance system. Having explored its specifications, features, and user feedback, we arrive at several key reflections about this power supply.
First and foremost, efficiency stands out as a paramount benefit. The RMX 1000W boasts an 80 PLUS Gold certification, ensuring that less energy is wasted as heat and more is effectively utilized for powering demanding components. For gamers and professionals who push their systems to the limit, this translates into lower electricity bills and a greener footprint—two factors increasingly relevant in today’s tech discussions.
Next, the modular design offers flexibility and organization. A tidy setup is essential for airflow and aesthetics, especially in high-end builds. The ability to connect only the cables one needs is not just about neatness; it also enhances airflow, critical for cooling high-performance systems. Users have noted that this minor detail significantly impacts their overall experience, making assembly and maintenance straightforward.
However, potential purchasers should consider a few factors before leaping in. Common issues involve compatibility with certain hardware, so it's a wise move to check the specifications against your existing equipment. Additionally, though the RMX 1000W performs admirably under load, an alternative might be needed if one anticipates unusual power requirements.
In sum, the Corsair RMX 1000W power supply excels in crucial areas—efficiency, design, and user experience—bringing substantial advantages to both gamers and IT professionals. But like any hardware component, understanding the limitations and ensuring compatibility will pave the way for a smooth-running system. For anyone looking to invest in a dependable power supply, the RMX 1000W undoubtedly deserves consideration.
"A power supply isn’t just a part; it’s the heart of your system. Make sure it beats right."
For further reading on power supply efficiency and technology advancements, you might find this resources helpful:
- Wikipedia on Computer Power Supplies
- TechDoc on Power Supply Performance
- Reddit discussions on PC Power Supplies
Ultimately, investing in the Corsair RMX 1000W aligns perfectly with the needs of those who require reliability and performance. It's more than just watts; it's about creating an optimized experience in your computing journey.
